This module is an umbrella over the whole network and is supposed to contain additional scientific activities which are emerging. These activities may be driven by new scientific discoveries, which require the NCCR to react quickly, but also emerge from political, economical and social discussions. At present, scientists within this module study the toxicity of carbon nanotubes. At the University of Berne and at the EMPA different teams examine the reaction of the lung when multi-walled carbon nanotubes are inhaled.